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Modernize Your T3 & DS3 Bandwidth Connections
Author: John SheplerBusinesses growing on T1 lines naturally migrated to T3 lines or DS3 connections as their bandwidth needs increased. These technologies have been proven to provide secure and reliable throughput with low latency, packet loss and jitter. While you may be perfectly happy with your current Internet service, you may also be missing out on some of the benefits of new technology approaches.
Inheritance from T vector
The story begins with the development of T1 lines after World War II. The impetus for the new fixed-line telephone system was the high cost and noisy operation of long-distance analog telephone service. The T1 was the first digital replacement. It provided 24 digitized telephone lines over two pairs of conventional twisted pair telecommunications cables. Each independent channel was time division multiplexed into a 1.5 Mbps data stream.
This still characterizes T1 lines. You can find the same circuits used today by ISDN PRI phone lines in PBX phone systems. It is organized with 23 telephone lines and 1 control channel. However, in most T1 links, the channels are combined to provide a 1.5 Mbit/s bit stream for data transmission. T1 lines can be combined or grouped together to create larger pipes up to about 10 or 12 Mbps.
T3 and DS3 updates
T3 and DS3 use T1-compatible multiplexing to increase throughput by 28, or about 45 Mbps. T3 lines require frequencies too high to travel very far over the copper twisted pair. Initially, T3 was connected via coaxial cable or microwave towers. Fiber optic lines were then installed for long-distance communication with small-diameter coaxial cable for transmission to the customer in the building.
You may be wondering what the difference is between T3 and DS3. T3 is a physical circuit, coaxial cable, or microwave connection. DS3 is a signal that travels on the T3 line. Similar situation with T1 lines. In this case the signal is called DS1.
SONET fiber optic cable
T3 45 Mbps line bandwidth also quickly became a limiting factor in the development of long-distance telephony and digital computing. The next telecommunications standard was a fiber optic specification called SONET for Synchronous Optical Network. SONET is designed to be compatible with both DS1 and DS3, so that several DS3s can be easily multiplexed or combined into, for example, OC3 at 156 Mb/s. OC12 offers even higher bandwidth, and until recently OC48 was the main bandwidth of the network.
Carrier Ethernet is a game changer
T-Carrier (T1 and T3) and SONET were products of telephone companies and were better suited for circuit telephony than computer data. Through a protocol conversion process, they can make them carry standard Ethernet signals that work on a local network, but why not leave everything in Ethernet format end-to-end?
Why not! That's what Carrier Ethernet does. It replaces previous telecommunications standards with long-distance Ethernet, which is directly compatible with internal network connections. Instead of T1, T3, OC3, OC12, and OC48, you have Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10 GigE, and more. The main difference is that Ethernet is very scalable, while T-Carrier and SONET require hardware replacement with each upgrade to a higher standard.
Updating Ethernet connections
Carrier Ethernet networks, sometimes called IP networks because the protocol is the same as that used on the Internet, are growing rapidly to replace legacy metro and WAN networks. They provide the same symmetrical throughput with low latency, packet loss and jitter. You can order point-to-point connections or dedicated Internet connections.
Ethernet is available in copper and fiber options. Ethernet over copper is a good upgrade for T1 from 3 Mbps to 15 Mbps, 20 Mbps or even more. Entry-level Ethernet over fiber is about 10 Mbps. Fiber is easily scaled up to 50Mbps, which can replace T3 or DS3. It can also boost speeds up to 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet, 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet, and 10,000 10 Gigabit Ethernet. 100 Gigabit Ethernet is also available in some areas.
An even cheaper alternative
Business cable broadband is another service that has become extremely popular for small and medium-sized businesses. DOCSIS 3.0 and 3.1 modems provide an Ethernet connection to the network at speeds that easily reach 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps. An upgrade to 10 Gb/s symmetric bandwidth is in the works.
The appeal of cable is that it is available in most cities and can often be installed quickly with little or no construction costs. It's also the lowest cost per Mbps for the bandwidth you need. It is designed for web browsing, including downloading videos and files. The current tends to be asymmetric, often 10 times higher in the discharge direction than in the charge direction. Cable bandwidth is shared, not dedicated, so speeds may vary throughout the day. However, many business and residential users use cable broadband. For secure point-to-point connections, you can use a virtual private network (VPN) over the Internet.
Are you still using the old T3 or DS3 SLA? You'd be surprised how much bandwidth you can get today for the same price. Now find out how many bandwidth providers your company serves and what they offer.
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