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Cable is the New Fiber?
Author: John SheplerCoaxial cable used by cable companies was thought to be obsolete for a long time. After all, how many channels and what kind of internet speed can you push in that copper cable? It was more than anyone could have imagined. Can you believe 10 Gbps?
There is fiber under the coverThe secret to allowing standard coaxial cable to reach 10 Gbps, which is high by fiber optic standards, is to simply look at the cable connectors on the wall and the cable jumpers on the cable modem. Since twisted pair phone lines connect directly to the communications office, you might think that the cable runs all the way to the end of the cable. This is an illusion. Once the location's connection is not visible, the transmission will be carried over the metropolitan fiber optic network. The copper section is only a few dozen or a few hundred feet. This system is called a hybrid copper fiber network or HFC.
Magic box
With a cable installation that can provide up to 10 Gbps of bandwidth, you need an HFC transmit and receive interface and provide a 10 Gbps Ethernet connection on the user side. This interface is a DOCSIS 3.1 cable modem.
DOCSIS, or Cable Data Service Interface Specification, is a set of technical standards that describe how to use standard "television channels" and other open capacities in cable systems to transmit high-bandwidth data without conflicting with broadcast television. It is developed by CableLabs and supported by many device manufacturers.
The original DOCSIS 1.0 was released in March 1997...just in time to support the Internet's massive explosive growth. It was quickly updated to versions 1.1, 2.0 and the now popular DOCSIS 3.0 standard. This is a new version, DOCSIS 3.1, which makes more noise for fiber.
What does DOCSIS 3.1 offer? It can transmit at least 10 Gbps downstream and 1 Gbps upstream. This is 10-30 times more bandwidth than current cable bandwidth. It is also compatible with previous versions of DOCSIS, so it can be seamlessly integrated into existing cable systems. Cable operators have not upgraded their equipment to the new standard and installed DOCSIS 3.1 modems at customer facilities.
Active bandwidth sharing.
It's not a question of if, but when cable companies will adopt DOCSIS 3.1. Verizon has been rolling out FiOS Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) systems for years. Google is slowly making inroads into market after market with fiber optic internet service. Cable has the potential to protect existing system investments by providing gigabit and 10 gigabit Internet service with simple hardware upgrades and without the need to rebuild the city.
Comcast is one of the world's leading cable operators. They have announced that they will cover all of their services with DOCSIS 3.1 capabilities over the next few years.
This is similar to SONET or Ethernet over fiber.
In short... no. These are not just different technical standards, they are different performance standards and target different customers.
SONET was the first telephone company standard implemented to carry thousands of phone calls over a single fiber-optic link. SONET has become accessible to businesses as the demand for bandwidth to connect data centers and support the Internet backbone has increased. The minimum service speed is OC3, 155Mbps. The highest rates are typically OC-48 at 2.5 Gbps, OC-192 at 10 Gbps, and OC-768 at 40 Gbps.
New Carrier Ethernet Technology. It is directly compatible with Ethernet, which dominates almost all corporate local area networks. Both copper and fiber optic implementations of carrier Ethernet are available, but Ethernet over fiber is quickly becoming the most common standard. Service rates range from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps, with speeds of 100 Gbps in some areas.
How do DOCSIS, SONET, and Fiber Ethernet cables compare?
SONET and Ethernet over Fiber (EoF) obviously require a fiber optic connection to the site. The cable required is only standard copper coaxial cable. This gives the cable the advantage in terms of accessibility and installation speed. However, these benefits are not as they were. An increasing number of competitive operators are expanding their fiber networks and "lighting up" more buildings for fiber services.
Cable appears to have significant advantages over fiber technology, but this has more to do with the type of service provided than with copper and fiber. Look at Google Fiber as evidence. The price is the same as cable, but fiber end to end.
SONET and EoF are considered high-performance business services and are typically provided with SLAs or service level agreements that specify service performance and availability. Cable is considered a "best effort" service and does not guarantee same time.
SONET and EoF are called special services. This means that limited bandwidth is reserved for your organization. If you buy 10 Gbps, you get 10 Gbps 24/7/365. There is no usage limit. You can enter as much information as you want in this channel for a month. Cable is a shared service. Let's say bandwidth is "up to" 10 Gbps. At any time, you can have it all to yourself or share it with tens, hundreds or thousands of other users. Bandwidth is variable for shared services, but sufficient for dedicated users.
Another big difference is symmetry. SONET and EoF are symmetric services. This means you get the same download and upload speeds. Order 10 Gbps service and it will always be 10 Gbps in both directions. Cable service is not compatible. Download speed is usually 10 times faster than download speed. DOCSIS 3.1 up to 10 Gbps download and 1 Gbps download.
How do you choose?
Cable is ideal for general consumer and small business Internet access that requires a lot of downloads. The "general" appearance may not be true, and the reliability may be high enough to make the cost benefit a good option.
But if you primarily transfer large files in both directions, or if critical operations rely on cloud services, or if service availability is critical to what you do, you may find that SONET or Ethernet over fiber alone is sufficient. The cost of both types of services has dropped significantly in recent years, making EoF more affordable for high-performance applications.
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