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Dark Wavelength vs Dark Fiber for 10 GigE
Author: John ScheblerMetropolitan Area Network (MAN) organizations that require very high bandwidth or have to run a large number of protocols have adopted optical fiber as their technology solution. Dark fibers are still a good choice for more demanding applications, but there is a competing service that you should be aware of. This is called a dark wavelength or dark lambda. Let's take a look at what each party has to offer and how it compares to the more popular point-to-point connections and MPLS network.
What is the dark wavelength?We think of wavelengths as colors of light, not something dark. The wavelength would be 'faint' colorless and similar to dark fibers, wouldn't it?
Not right. The difference is that the dark fiber is only the fiberglass thread itself. There is no equipment. Someone, and possibly someone that is you, needs to install termination equipment at each end and fire one or more lasers to "light" the fibers. Sometimes "managed" dark fibers are available where the operator provides the peripheral equipment, but there is always the use of exclusive fibers.
With the dark wavelength, it's already done. It is not a fiber with a monochromatic laser on one side and a detector on the other. Alternatively, DWDM equipment or a dense wavelength division multiplexing device is installed. What DWDM does is send multiple laser beams without interference along the same fiber chain to create additional channels, which is equivalent to doubling the number of fiber threads available.
With DWDM, there is still only one physical glass channel. Multiplexing, or creating multiple virtual fibers, depends on the glass being transparent to more than one color or wavelength of light. You can easily see it from a normal perspective. White light shines on one side and colored streaks appear on the other side. The prism shows that individual colors can pass through the glass without getting in the way or canceling each other out.
Let's say you want to generate dozens of different wavelengths on a single fiber. You'll need a DWDM system with dozens of laser emitters, each tuned to slightly different wavelengths or colors. Basically, all colors are in the infrared part of the spectrum and are not visible colors. However, they are called colors, wavelengths, or lambda (the Greek letter used for wavelength).
Why go to all this trouble and expense? Simple: Increase the capacity of the fiber cable several times. There are two ways to get more bandwidth from a fiber bundle. Add more threads or use the capacity of each thread. Adding wires means running an additional cable on the same path or replacing an existing cable with a larger diameter cable with a finer glass cable. Both options are incredibly expensive. Getting the most out of the infrastructure you already have is a nice comparison.
This is why DWDM is so popular. Why spend millions of dollars on miles to get new cables when you can upgrade your peripheral equipment at a fraction of the cost? DWDM is a standardized and standardized technology. Why not let technology save the cost and time of updating physical cabling?
The exchange between dark wavelength and dark fiber
When you rent a dark fiber thread, you have an exclusive use for that piece of glass. You have the security to know that only your traffic will pass through this channel. There will be other customers using fiber links, but there is a physical separation between you and them.
Dark fibers also give you the flexibility to use any protocol you want and implement multiple protocols on the same fiber. How do you? By installing special DWDM equipment to generate multiple independent wavelengths.
You can see how expensive it can quickly become. A single chain of fibers of one wavelength is one. You can probably get 10Gbps of bandwidth using the simple devices in this series. DWDM is another matter. Now you need very complex equipment at each end that you have to install, pay for and manage. For this you can create several independent channels, say 10 Gbps for each.
Instead, why not let someone else bear the cost? This is the basis of dark services. Someone, a carrier or a service provider, has already included fiber in existing DWDM equipment. However, it does not require the full power of its wavelength. If there is enough traffic to use half of the available wavelengths, the rest can be rented out to help pay for the system.
The dark wavelength is simply the wavelength that is not used in the current fiber optic system. To be really dark, the laser may be off at that wavelength, or the system may not have a map of that particular channel. However, once someone agrees to rent a wavelength, the service can be activated very quickly. After all, the DWDM fibers and chassis are already installed.
Why choose dark wavelength?
One of the reasons for choosing the Darkwave service is that it can be all it can. The owner of the fiber optic network may be willing to rent out the entire network. This is especially true when the streams are already active and certain wavelengths are in use.
Another attraction of dark waves is the cost of equipment and maintenance. In theory, the provider may require you to purchase channel cards that are compatible with their DWDM system and cover the wavelength yourself. It is likely that they will be able to manage their affairs on their own. You may or may not pay a one-time setup fee that includes the cost of waveforms tags.
If the common carrier updates the wavelength and supports the system, you will have exclusive use of that particular wavelength with a bandwidth of 1, 5 or 10 Gbps. Sometimes the wavelengths can be combined to create a bandwidth greater than 100 Gbps. In any case, your traffic will only be transmitted on the wavelength of the protocol you choose. Other clients will have traffic on other wavelengths, but different colored packets will not interact.
other options
Not everyone needs or wants a darker fiber or wavelength service. Many companies only need 100Mbps or gigabit service. Traditional SONET or newer Carrier Ethernet protocols are generally available as point-to-point connections, larger optical MPLS networks, or dedicated Internet access.
What is the best bandwidth for your applications? Why not discuss your needs and get competitive rates from different operators for a range of services to suit your needs. You can then compare costs and benefits and choose the high-speed fiber optic service that best suits your needs.
Note: The wavelength spectrum of light by prismatic animation courtesy of Wikimedia Commons .
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