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Ethernet WAN is the New SONET
Author: John SheplerFor much of the past century, high-speed communications evolved from analog copper to digital copper and then to digital fiber. The technology used in optical fiber has also evolved from synchronous time division multiplexing to packet protocols, reflecting the transition to networked computing in almost every organization. While legacy SONET telecommunications lines still provide reliable connectivity, upgrading to an Ethernet WAN, the latest technology for fiber optic services, offers real benefits.
It all starts with very fast phone linesSONET (Synchronous Optical Network) is a telephone company invention designed to combine or multiplex thousands of individual telephone calls on optical fiber for transmission over long distances. To make things easier, SONET was backwards compatible with the old T1 service, which did the same with 24 calls over two twisted-pair copper wires...in other words, over a regular telephone line.
SONET allowed telcos to connect T1 lines to DS3 lines and OC3 fiber lines, demultiplexing or splitting them anywhere along the way. Everything matched except one phone channel.
SONET to connect to a computer
So how did SONET become compatible with computer networks? The protocol had to switch between SONET time division multiplexing and Ethernet packet switching. This was achieved by turning the protocol into a plugin. The user does not care what happens under the hood. Packets will enter and leave the router for miles or thousands of miles.
SONET was designed for fiber, and all early fiber optic links for computer networks were connected through one of the SONET layers. OC3 was the lowest speed at 155 Mbps and was the first fiber service ordered by most companies as they outgrew their T1 and T3 lines. Each speed increase requires an adapter module replacement for the corresponding SONET layer.
In fact, the Internet was built on top of SONET. SONET rings that provide redundant paths form the core of the Internet as it grows. ISPs connect over SONET and then distribute the bandwidth between multiple 64Kbps dial-up modems or subsequent broadband cable or DSL modems.
Ethernet revolution
Developed by the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in the mid-1970s, Ethernet became the dominant network protocol due to the rapid spread of personal computers. Most users, both large and small, have adopted Ethernet as adapter cards, cables, hubs and routers have become more affordable. Before long, every computer came standard with an RJ-45 Ethernet port, and peripherals such as printers followed suit for compatibility.
When Ethernet became the de facto networking standard, and computer traffic far exceeded voice traffic, it made sense to use Ethernet for WANs and LANs. When business phones went digital and used VoIP to connect to the same network as computers, there was no need for a separate voice network.
Another factor that moved WAN services from SONET to Ethernet was the emergence of competing network service providers independent of the telephone companies. With no legacy analog phone service to support, these companies can simply focus on providing Ethernet connectivity to their customers in competition with telcos.
The original Ethernet protocol was then extended to provide technical specifications for Carrier Ethernet, which is similar to Ethernet LAN, but extended to support MAN (metropolitan area network) and WAN (wide area network).
What does an Ethernet WAN offer?
Note that SONET has different service levels, each with their own bandwidth and adapter requirements. Ethernet does not have this limitation. Instead, you have an Ethernet port with a maximum throughput of, say, 1 Gbps. It supports any bandwidth up to a maximum limit of 1Gbps. You can order 100 Mbps service today and easily upgrade to 500 Mbps or 1 Gbps later. Only if you want service levels above 1 Gbps should you set a higher bandwidth port. The process is so simple that many providers allow you to change service levels at will by logging into your online account.
Ethernet services tend to be cheaper than SONET. Usually much cheaper. You pay for the level of service you want, be it 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, 10 Gbps, etc. Please note that you can easily change the service once it is installed and your account will be adjusted according to the new level you have chosen.
With so many competing Ethernet and WAN service providers, costs per Mbps have fallen rapidly over the years and will continue to fall. Some carriers are traditional phone companies, but with much better prices. Others are independent airlines serving regional, national or international regions. They can also offer excellent customer service, high reliability and excellent bandwidth deals.
As a rule, you will be interested in two types of services. One of them is a dedicated internet connection with the bandwidth of your choice. The other is a dedicated private point-to-point line, similar to a very long Ethernet cable connecting two LANs that are miles apart. They are useful for head and branch offices, warehouses, manufacturing centers, etc. connect with maximum efficiency and privacy. Another popular application is a direct connection between your office and cloud service provider. It avoids the performance vagaries of the Internet and makes the cloud look like it's on the other side of the aisle.
You may have installed the old SONET service years ago. It worked well, so no one paid much attention. Now is the time to see if competing Ethernet WAN services can give you more bandwidth for the same budget, or significant cost savings if you're happy with the bandwidth you have now. Testing costs nothing, so why not check out what's available?
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